Croatian Literature

Croatian literature is a rich and diverse field that reflects the country’s history, culture, language, and identity. Croatian writers have significantly influenced the nation’s cultural landscape from medieval to contemporary works.

This guide explores the heritage of Croatian literature, its periods, influential books, and authors.

Whether you’re a visitor to Croatia, a fan of Croatian books, or someone learning about this beautiful country, this guide will provide valuable insights into the literary world of Croatia.

What are the Periods of Croatian Literature?

Croatian literature can be divided into several periods, each with unique characteristics and notable writers. These periods are:

  • Medieval Croatian Literature (IX to end of XV AD)
  • Early Modern Croatian Literature (XV to 1835)
  • Modern Croatian Literature (1835 – 1914)
  • 20th Century Croatian Literature (1914 to late 20th century)
  • Contemporary Croatian Literature (today’s literature)

Medieval Croatian Literature (IX to end of XV AD)

Medieval Croatian Literature lasted from the 9th to the end of the 15th century. It is characterized by religious texts, legal documents, and early poetry written in Old Church Slavonic, Glagolitic, and Latin scripts.

Notable writers from this period include Dalmatian bishop Gregory of Nin and the anonymous author of the Glagolitic Missal from 1483. The literature of this time often reflects the religious and feudal structure of medieval Croatian society.

Croatian Literature, Illustration

Early Modern Croatian Literature (XV to 1835)

Early Modern Croatian Literature covers the period from the 15th century to 1835. This era saw the Renaissance and Baroque influences infuse Croatian literary works.

Marko Marulić, the “father of Croatian literature,” was a key figure during this time. His epic poem “Judita” (1501) is considered the first artistic epic in Croatian literature written in the Croatian language.

Other notable writers include Petar Zoranić and Ivan Gundulić, whose works reflect the evolving cultural and humanistic ideas of the time.

Modern Croatian Literature (1835 – 1914)

Modern Croatian Literature spans from 1835 to 1914 and is marked by the Croatian National Revival. This era saw the rise of Romanticism and later Realism in Croatian literary works.

Prominent writers from this period include August Šenoa, whose novels often depicted the struggles and aspirations of the Croatian people, and Antun Gustav Matoš, a leading figure in Croatian modernism. The literature of this time usually focused on national identity and cultural heritage.

20th Century Croatian Literature (1914 to late 20th century)

20th-century Croatian Literature, from 1914 to the late 20th century, witnessed significant political and social changes that influenced literary themes and styles. This period includes the avant-garde movements, socialist realism, and postmodernism.

Miroslav Krleža, one of the most influential Croatian writers, authored works that explored the complexities of human existence and society. Another notable writer is Tin Ujević, whose poetry remains a cornerstone of Croatian literature.

This era reflects the turbulent history of the 20th century, including both world wars and the Yugoslav period.

Contemporary Croatian Literature (today’s literature)

Contemporary Croatian Literature encompasses the literary works of today’s writers. This period is characterized by diverse genres, themes, and styles, reflecting the globalized and digitalized world.

Notable contemporary writers include Slavenka Drakulić, known for her incisive essays and novels on post-communist societies, and Robert Perišić, whose works often explore modern Croatian life and identity.

Contemporary literature continues to evolve, addressing current issues and expanding the boundaries of Croatian literary expression.

What are the 5 Most Important Books from Croatian Literature?

Croatian literature boasts several masterpieces that have left an indelible mark on the literary world. Some of the most important books from Croatian literature include Judita by Marko Marulic, Krleza’s Povratak Filipa Latinovicza, Priče iz davnine by Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Mediteranski brevijar by Predrag Matvejević, and Ujevic’s Lelek sebra.

Judita by Marko Marulić

Written in 1501, “Judita” is the first artistic epic in Croatian literature written in the Croatian language. It tells the biblical story of Judith and Holofernes, emphasizing themes of faith, patriotism, and moral integrity.

Povratak Filipa Latinovicza by Miroslav Krleža

Published in 1932, this novel is considered the first contemporary Croatian novel. It follows the protagonist, Filip Latinovicz, as he returns to his homeland and grapples with his existential dilemmas and disillusionment.

Priče iz davnine by Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić

This collection of fairy tales, published in 1916, represents the greatest compilation of fairy tales in Croatian history. The stories are deeply rooted in Slavic mythology and folklore, enchanting readers of all ages.

Mediteranski brevijar by Predrag Matvejević

Written in 1987, this book is among the most famous Croatian books in the world today. It offers a poetic and scholarly exploration of the Mediterranean region’s cultural and historical landscape.

Lelek sebra by Tin Ujević

Published in 1920, this collection of poems includes “Svakidašnja jadikovka,” one of the best-known Croatian poems. Ujević’s lyrical and introspective poetry continues to resonate with readers.

Who are Important Croatian Writers?

The contributions of several notable writers enrich Croatian literature. The most important figures in Croatian literature are Marko Marulic, Miroslav Krleza, Ivana Brlic Mazuranic, Predrag Matvejevic, and Tin Ujevic.

Marko Marulić

Born in Split in 1450, Marulić is the father of Croatian literature. His works, including “Judita” and “Davidias,” reflect his humanist beliefs and literary prowess.

Miroslav Krleža

Born in Zagreb in 1893, Krleža is one of the most influential Croatian writers of the 20th century. His extensive oeuvre includes novels, dramas, and essays, with notable works such as “The Return of Philip Latinowicz” and “The Banquet in Blitva.”

Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić

Born in Ogulin in 1874, Brlić-Mažuranić is often called the Croatian Hans Christian Andersen. Her fairy tales, particularly “Croatian Tales of Long Ago,” have captivated generations of readers.

Predrag Matvejević

Born in Mostar in 1932, Matvejević is a renowned writer and essayist. His work “Mediterranean: A Cultural Landscape” is celebrated for its profound insights into the region’s history and culture.

Tin Ujević

Born in Vrgorac in 1891, Ujević is considered one of Croatia’s greatest poets. His collections, such as “Lelek sebra,” showcase his lyrical talent and existential themes.

Ivo Andrić

Born in Travnik in 1892, Andrić is a Nobel Prize-winning author whose works often explore the complexities of Balkan history and culture. His notable books include “The Bridge on the Drina” and “Bosnian Chronicle.” Although there is controversy regarding his national identity, Andrić remains a significant figure in Croatian literature.

How Did Croatian Culture Affect Croatian Literature?

Historical, and social context of Croatian culture has profoundly influenced Croatian literature. The interplay between literature and culture is evident in the themes, styles, and languages Croatian writers use.

Literature has reflected Croatia’s diverse heritage, shaping and being shaped by the country’s evolving identity.

What Croatian Books Can Be Found Translated into English?

Several Croatian books have been translated into English, allowing a wider audience to appreciate the richness of Croatian literature. Some notable translations include:

Croatian Cookbook Recommendations for Foodies Visiting Croatia

Croatian cuisine is a delightful blend of Mediterranean and Central European flavors. For food enthusiasts, cookbooks offer a taste of Croatia’s culinary heritage.

Croatia Travel Guides Recommendations for Those Traveling to Croatia

Several travel guides offer valuable insights and tips for those planning a trip to Croatia.

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